基于交叉对比神经网络的心音分类

目的:通过交叉对比神经网络（CCNN）实现心音信号的自动分类，从而对心血管疾病进行早期诊断。方法:实验基于PhysioNet/Cinc 2016心音数据库。训练集和测试集数据来自互斥的健康受试者/病理患者，并以4:1的比例进行划分，输入CCNN。CCNN利用深度卷积神经网络进行特征提取，结合基于信息的相似度度量理论（IBS），对特征向量间的相似性进行度量并分类。结果:实验结果得出灵敏度为0.834 6，特异性为0.962 3，最终大赛综合得分为0.898 5。结论:CCNN使用交叉对比的输入模式扩充数据量，引入信号间的对比信息，同时在神经网络的训练过程中应用统计学思想，使网络具备良好的泛化性，更加适应医学数据量较少的场景，在心音分类中取得较好的结果。     

加减肾附丸治疗腰椎间盘突出症肾虚寒凝证的疗效观察

目的 观察加减肾附丸治疗腰椎间盘突出症肾虚寒凝证的近远期疗效。方法 100例患者被随机分为对照组和观察组，各50例。对照组口服美洛昔康片，每次7.5 mg，每日1次；观察组口服加减肾附丸，每次300 mL，每日2次，疗程均为3个月。治疗前后分别观察两组简化McGill疼痛积分量表（SF-MPQ），Oswestry腰背及下肢功能障碍指数（ODI），中医证候评分；检测全血黏度（高切、中切、低切），血清炎性因子［肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β），白细胞介素-6（IL-6）］，疼痛介质［内皮素-1（ET-1），前列腺素E₂（PGE₂），环氧化酶-2（COX-2）］。观察两组临床疗效，随访12，24个月的复发率。记录研究期间两组患者出现的不良反应类型及时间。结果 治疗后，观察组患者总有效率98.0%（49/50），高于对照组的82.0%（41/50）（P<0.05）。随访12个月，观察组复发率23.9%（11/46）低于对照组的52.5%（21/40）（χ²＝5.193，P<0.05）。随访24个月，观察组复发率43.9%（18/41），低于对照组的80.6%（29/36）（P<0.05）。与对照组治疗后比较，观察组SF-MPQ，ODI，中医证候，全血黏度，IL-6，TNF-α，IL-1β，ET-1，PGE₂，COX-2明显降低（P<0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率2.0%（1/50），低于对照组的52.0%（26/50）（χ²＝6.264，P<0.05）。结论 加减肾附丸可明显改善腰椎间盘突出症肾虚寒凝证的患者的近远期临床疗效，不良反应发生率低。     

Spectrum-Toxicity Correlation Study Revealed the Influence of the Nine-Time Steaming and Sun Drying Method on Hepatotoxic Components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix

Objective: Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PM) is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years. We wondered whether the classical processing method, namely, nine-time steaming and sun drying (NSSD), had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing, as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds. Materials and Methods: The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis. Results: The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying, which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing, which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity. After the five times of NSSD, the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady. Moreover, we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD. Based on the fact, they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying. Conclusions: This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.     

基于人工智能的骨龄辅助评价系统对四川地区完全性生长激素缺乏症患儿骨龄研究

目的探讨采用基于"人工智能(AI)的骨龄辅助评价系统(上海初云医疗科技有限公司与四川大学华西第二医院合作开发)"(以下简称为AI系统)对完全性生长激素缺乏症(CGHD)患儿诊断及骨龄评价准确性。 方法选择2014年7月至2019年11月，于四川大学华西第二医院确诊的66例来自四川地区CGHD患儿为研究对象，纳入研究组。选择同期于病例收集医院儿童保健科进行骨龄测定的67例来自四川地区身高达标儿童作为对照，纳入对照组。对每例受试儿进行左手腕关节正位X射线摄片骨龄测定，由2位医师采用《TW₂骨龄评分法中国未成年人南方标准》(以下简称为TW₂CHN)》与《TW₃骨龄评分法标准》(以下简称为TW₃)，盲法评价受试儿TW₂CHN-桡、尺、掌指骨(RUS)与TW₂CHN-腕骨(carpal)、TW₂CHN-20、TW₃-RUS及TW₃-carpal骨龄(以下简称为5种传统骨龄)，以及以同性别、年龄身高达标儿童5种传统骨龄为标准，计算受试儿5种传统骨龄百分位数。同时，采用AI系统分别对每例受试儿采取TW₂CHN与TW₃法，评价其AI-TW₂CHN-RUS、AI-TW₂CHN-carpal、AI-TW₂CHN-20、AI-TW₃-RUS及AI-TW₃-carpal骨龄(以下简称为5种AI骨龄)及其相应百分位数。以上述5种传统骨龄＋5种AI骨龄(以下简称为10种骨龄)相应的P₅₀、P₂₅、P₁₀、P₃值(统称为P_n值)作为诊断CGHD患儿临界值，分别计算其诊断CGHD患儿的敏感度、特异度、约登(Youden)指数、准确率、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。采用Kappa值评价2组受试儿5种传统骨龄百分位数与对应的5种AI骨龄百分位数评价结果的一致性，以及2位医师对2组受试儿TW₂CHN-RUS骨龄百分位数评价结果一致性。绘制上述10种骨龄百分位数诊断CGHD患儿的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线，并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。采用配对t检验，对2组受试儿TW₂CHN骨龄与TW₃骨龄进行比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。2组受试儿年龄、性别构成比等一般临床资料比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①采用10种骨龄的P_n值分别作为诊断CGHD临界值，对133例受试儿CGHD诊断结果显示，除了TW₃-RUS骨龄中，以骨龄≤P₁₀作为诊断CGHD患儿临界值时的诊断准确率最高(85.0%)，TW₂CHN-RUS、TW₂CHN-carpal、TW₂CHN-20、TW₃-carpal、AI-TW₂CHN-RUS、AI-TW₂CHN-carpal、AI-TW₂CHN-20、AI-TW₃-carpal、AI-TW₃-RUS骨龄中，均为以骨龄≤P₂₅作为临界值时，对CGHD的诊断准确率最高，分别为81.9%、75.2%、88.0%、78.2%、75.2%、73.6%、81.2%、72.9%、78.9%。②一致性检验结果显示，2组受试儿TW₂CHN-RUS与AI-TW₂CHN-RUS、TW₂CHN-carpal与AI-TW₂CHN-carpal、TW₂CHN-20与AI-TW₂CHN-20、TW₃-RUS与AI-TW₃-RUS、TW₃-carpal与AI-TW₃-carpal骨龄百分位数评价结果均为中等一致性，Kappa值分别为0.445、0.578、0.570、0.446、0.430(均为P<0.001)。③对2位医师对2组受试儿TW₂CHN-RUS骨龄百分位数评价结果进行一致性检验显示，其Kappa值为0.790(P<0.001)，一致性较高。④绘制10种骨龄百分位数评价结果诊断CGHD的ROC曲线分析结果显示，TW₂CHN-RUS、TW₂CHN-carpal、TW₂CHN-20、TW₃-carpal、TW₃-RUS、AI-TW₂CHN-RUS、AI-TW₂CHN-carpal、AI-TW₂CHN-20、AI-TW₃-carpal、AI-TW₃-RUS骨龄百分位数诊断CGHD患儿的AUC分别为0.932、0.859、0.915、0.895、0.844、0.823、0.805、0.866、0.860、0.764(均为P<0.001)。⑤133例受试儿的TW₃-RUS、TW₃-carpal、AI-TW₃-RUS、AI-TW₃-carpal骨龄，均分别显著低于TW₂CHN-RUS、TW₂CHN-carpal、AI-TW₂CHN-RUS、AI-TW₂CHN-carpal骨龄，并且差异均有统计学意义(t＝21.746、25.287、16.498、9.290，P<0.001)。 结论TW₂CHN法、TW₃法对CGHD患儿骨龄评价及诊断均有临床价值，TW₂CHN-RUS骨龄对于CGDH患儿诊断效能高。四川地区儿童TW₃骨龄较TW₂CHN骨龄低，TW₃法可能不完全适用于四川地区儿童骨龄评价。AI系统对于四川地区CGHD患儿骨龄评价结果与传统骨龄评价结果具有中等一致性，可为临床医师评价受试儿骨龄提供帮助。     

一测多评法在中药质量控制中的应用及研究进展＊

一测多评法（quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker，QAMS）已成熟应用于中药材、中药提取物及中成药领域等中药复杂体系的质量评价研究中，有效解决了因对照品缺乏而导致的多指标质控技术推广难问题。本文查阅近五年的国内外研究文献，重点总结了高效液相色谱、气相色谱和质谱等技术在QAMS法中药质量控制中的应用。高效液相色谱联用紫外检测器（UV）技术应用最为广泛，最适合于中药QAMS法定量，结果稳定、准确；而高效液相色谱联用蒸发光检测器在中药QAMS法应用中，其测定准确性和适用性仍然需进一步探索和验证。液质联用技术虽然具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽等优点，但易受仪器参数、基质效应等的影响。进一步发展HPLC-UV技术在中成药制剂质量评价中的应用，是QAMS法多成分定量值得关注的方向；探索LC-MS和GC技术在中药QAMS质量评价中的稳定性和普适性是未来将面临的挑战。     

三字经流派小儿推拿配合走罐治疗小儿反复咳嗽临床观察

目的观察推拿配合走罐治疗小儿反复咳嗽临床疗效。方法选患儿80例,随机分为中医治疗组和西医对照组,治疗组给予推拿走罐;对照组给予药物口服。观察患儿咳嗽及咳喘改善情况,对临床疗效和血清免疫球蛋白IgA进行比较。结果治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义(P0.01)。走罐前后患儿血清免疫球蛋白IgA水平明显升高(P0.05)。结论小儿推拿配合走罐对小儿反复咳嗽具有显著疗效,该疗法安全简便,价格低廉,为临床治疗提供了行之有效的方法。     

A compact and automated ex vivo vessel culture system for the pulsatile pressure conditioning of human saphenous veins

Saphenous vein (SV) graft disease represents an unresolved problem in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). After CABG, a progressive remodelling of the SV wall occurs, possibly leading to occlusion of the lumen, a process termed 'intima hyperplasia' (IH). The investigation of cellular and molecular aspects of IH progression is a primary end‐point toward the generation of occlusion‐free vessels that may be used as ‘life‐long’ grafts. While animal transplantation models have clarified some of the remodelling factors, the pathology of human SV is far from being understood. This is also due to the lack of devices able to reproduce the altered mechanical load encountered by the SV after CABG. This article describes the design of a novel ex vivo vein culture system (EVCS) capable of replicating the altered pressure pattern experienced by SV after CABG, and reports the results of a preliminary biomechanical conditioning experimental campaign on SV segments. The EVCS applied a CAGB‐like pressure (80–120 mmHg) or a venous‐like perfusion (3 ml/min, 5 mmHg) conditioning to the SVs, keeping the segments viable in a sterile environment during 7 day culture experiments. After CABG‐like pressure conditioning, SVs exhibited a decay of the wall thickness, an enlargement of the luminal perimeter, a rearrangement of the muscle fibres and partial denudation of the endothelium. Considering these preliminary results, the EVCS is a suitable system to study the mechanical attributes of SV graft disease, and its use, combined with a well‐designed biological protocol, may be of help in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in SV graft disease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

呼吸调控对 CT 下肝癌消融治疗穿刺成功率的影响及分析

目的：探讨呼吸调控对穿刺成功率的影响及调控后效果。方法将我院130例需在C T下肝癌消融治疗的患者，随机分为观察组65例和对照组65例，观察组患者进行术前的呼吸训练，并为其安装肌电生物反馈仪，使其根据信号训练，逐渐形成条件反射。对照组于术前1天和局麻后即将穿刺时，由护士和操作医生指导屏气。结果观察组与对照组穿刺成功率分别为70．77％、41．54％，差异有显著意义（ P＜0．01）；观察组术前心率、呼吸与入院时比较相近，而对照组在术前高于入院时。结论肝癌消融术前对患者进行呼吸训练，固定肝脏位置，使医生准确穿刺到达靶区减少穿刺次数，可降低出现血管、胆道损伤等并发症的风险。     

尤昭玲教授辨证治疗子宫切口假腔三步法

尤昭玲教授认为瘀热、邪毒、气虚是子宫切口假腔形成之根本，临床运用中医辨证治疗主要分三步：非经期以“清宫”为主，经前期以“逼宫”为主，经后期以“缩宫”为主。分别使用自拟内炎方加减，妇科外敷包和假腔方加减。该“三步法”在临床应用中疗效显著。     

Age and case mix-standardised survival for all cancer patients in Europe 1999–2007: Results of EUROCARE-5, a population-based study

BackgroundOverall survival after cancer is frequently used when assessing a health care service’s performance as a whole. It is mainly used by the public, politicians and the media, and is often dismissed by clinicians because of the heterogeneous mix of different cancers, risk factors and treatment modalities. Here we give survival details for all cancers combined in Europe, correlating it with economic variables to suggest reasons for differences.MethodsWe computed age and cancer site case-mix standardised relative survival for all cancers combined (ACRS) for 29 countries participating in the EUROCARE-5 project with data on more than 7.5 million cancer cases from 87 population-based cancer registries, using complete and period approach.ResultsDenmark, United Kingdom (UK) and Eastern European countries had lower survival than neighbouring countries. Five-year ACRS has been increasing throughout Europe, and substantial increases, between 1999–2001 and 2005–2007, have been achieved in countries where survival was lower in the past. Five-year ACRS for men and women are positively correlated with macro-economic variables like the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Total National Expenditure on Health (TNEH) (R² about 70%). Countries with recent larger increases in GDP and TNEH had greater increases in cancer survival.ConclusionsACRS serves to compare all cancer survival in Europe taking account of the geographical variability in case-mixes. The EUROCARE-5 data on ACRS confirm previous EUROCARE findings. Survival appears to correlate with macro-economic determinants, particularly with investments in the health care system.